What Is The Role Of Engineers Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

string(228) " of of import events that encourage environmental position on technology World population, followed by clime alteration are considered the two chief factors that are determining new applied scientists with environmental attack\." Through the last few decennaries the physical growing of population has become one of the universe ‘s highest environmental menaces. This growing has created singular demands for land, transit, energy, H2O, sanitation, etc. , and marked the different countries or Fieldss where applied scientists are working. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is The Role Of Engineers Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a consequence, todays ‘ applied scientists in both developed and developing states must to follow a new holistic attack toward natural and societal systems ( Amadei 2004 ) . Which means exchange the controlling nature attack for collaborating nature attack ; through sustainable development in pattern. Engineers, people that design professional solutions for societal issues, are playing a critical function in the building of modern societies, although the ways as they overcome and approach these depend mostly on the socioeconomic conditions which vary significantly. This essay will discourse the function of applied scientists in developing states and analyse H2O supply A ; sanitation and energy as two of the most important countries affected by their decision-making. Role of technology General Perspective The function of technology has suffered many alterations over the last few decennaries, although its construct which is based on test and mistake has remained an indispensable component of the scientific-technological method ; where societal, environmental and human factors define the most suited solution to pull off a peculiar issue. Therefore, applied scientist ‘s function is go oning reshaped harmonizing to the new challenges and necessities implicated by specialised subjects on peculiar countries of engineering ( civil, chemical, agricultural, etc. ) . ( UNESCO 2010, p. 24 ) Contemporary Perspective and sustainable development Unlike the twentieth century where the technology epoch seemed to hold limitless natural beginnings, todays ‘ century is confronting serious jobs that are seting tremendous force per unit area on the environment ( Azapagic, Perdan A ; Clift 2004, pp. 3-5 ) . Therefore, todays ‘ applied scientists besides the basic proficient and scientific cognition of the technology subject, they besides have to lend and advance sustainable development that meets todays ‘ necessities without impacting adversely the capableness of approaching coevalss to run into up their ain necessitates. This new function of technology, demands new patterns based on social-environmental factors instead than merely concern ends. Impact of technology on society The history shows legion illustrations in which applied scientists ‘ public presentation has widely influenced among communities. Quality of life, economic wealth and good substructure for case, are one of the most relevant and common indexs of their weight on society. As ( UNESCO 2010, p. 40 ) have stated, by 2025, the universe ‘s population will hold increased from 1.5 billion to 6.6 billion about and the per centum of migration to urban countries will lift from 40 per cent to 60 per cent. This information shows that urbanisation rates will hike dramatically. Subsequently applied scientists have the duty to do effectual and sustainable solutions as an incorporate attack without generate negative impacts, which is known as technology societal duty. Ethical side of technology In general footings, technology ‘s moralss is straight related with technology duties regulated by criterions codifications which act harmonizing to several state of affairss. The aim of the ethical factor in technology instead than merely fixed up regulations, is pulling solutions with reflection of peculiar state of affairss fixed into anterior rules. On this footing, at the clip of doing determinations, applied scientists should take into history the undermentioned points: sustainable development, protection of the public-environment, faithful agent of stakeholders – related with objectiveness, competence-knowledge, equity and justness, unity in the workplace ( dedication and service ) , and professional accountability- leading. ( UNESCO 2010, p. 190 ) Engineers in Developing States As in developed states, applied scientists must work within the societal, economic and environmental context in order to vouch existent sustainable development for the whole universe ( Parsons 1996, p. 170 ) . Social duties such as H2O supply, sanitation, nutrient, energy and environmental protection are the same in developing states. The difference resides on the socio-economic factors which are straight influenced by people ‘s behavior, authoritiess places and development precedences. Engineering accomplishments and moralss in Developing states As is described in the subdivision A.1 and A.3, competencies and rules of applied scientists in developing states remain the same as standardised features. The great challenge for them is in fact, to develop realistic undertakings on clip to peculiar communities and engineering available ( Parsons 1996, p. 170 ) . In fact, environmental issues, frequently take less importance because there are others which have more â€Å" relevant societal impact † , oil geographic expeditions for case. Successful and failed undertakings The successful and failed undertakings in developing states depends much on the capableness of applied scientists to set about undertakings with a clear apprehension of the aims, dependable appraisal of resources ‘ handiness, concern, and proficient demands and effectual communicating among stakeholders. The ability to implement accurately these facts will convey up utile and applicable options to turn to existent issues. By contrast, deficiency of attending to the social-economic context, moralss codifications, unrealistic outlooks, underestimated clip, quality and cost will convey hapless results. ( Parsons 1996, pp. 171,172 ) Relationship between engineering and socioeconomic factor The usage of high-technology does non vouch a successful undertaking or accurate solutions. In order to accomplish good consequences, applied scientists must be able to do a balance between usage of engineering and socioeconomic properties. Parsons ( 1996 ) points out that the appropriated choice of engineering will find non merely undertaking ‘s success besides its viability. As a consequence, there are four points to take appropriated engineering harmonizing to socioeconomic factors: it must be conceptual and physically compatible with operators, trim parts and equipment must be available in the influenced country, undertaking support must be commensurate with its budget, and the engineering must be compatible with the physical environment where it will be used. This theoretical account leads to reason that the relationship between engineering and socieconomic factor is really narrow, it must suit users and demands every bit good as must be designed to better quality life. Engineering Areas Environmental tendencies that are determining new applied scientists Brief reference of of import events that encourage environmental position on technology World population, followed by clime alteration are considered the two chief factors that are determining new applied scientists with environmental attack. During the last half of the 21th century ; universe population increased from 2.5 billion to 6 billion particularly in less economically developed states, this tendency is expected to top out at 9.3 billion by 2050 ( United Nations 2012 ) . In add-on, overpopulation besides has been linked with higher demands of natural resources ( H2O, cropland, wood ) , shanty colonies, transportation-infrastructure shortages etc. Another of import event that is doing an environmental attack is the fact that the current planetary economic is based on productiveness, which has brought several impacts associated with nursery gases, waste merchandise of fossil fuels and air pollution. Climate alteration is surely the consequence of all these elements at an unnatural rate. Therefore, the universe has changed its development attack to sustainable deve lopment ( Brown, Rener A ; Halweil 2000 ) . Hence, most of professional corporations have incorporated sustainable development into their purpose statements and codifications. New theoretical account of acquisition and pattern To face the planetary challenges that the Earth are confronting today, technology instruction has incorporated the construct of sustainability into all technology Fieldss. This means, that professional are expected to do dependable determinations that improve quality of life every bit good as cut downing negative impacts on environment and degrees of ingestion, and be aftering their actions harmonizing to socio-economic factors and engineering available. Consequently, the procedure of acquisition and pattern has been adjusted by a theoretical account of instruction more realistic-practical. Where pupils throughout workshops are larning and edifice cognition in existent state of affairss, every bit good as has created in them greater environmental duty. ( Amadei 2004 ) . Sustainability and transmutation As explain Azapagic, Perdan A ; Clift ( 2004 ) , there are surely three constrains that built the construct of sustainability. Techno-centric concerns, which represent human expertness, inventiveness and economic systems, Eco-centric concerns related with natural resources and ecological capableness and socio-centric concern based on human and societal outlooks. The Techno-centric concerns, has been traditionally used in the procedure of instruction in technology, the duty of today ‘s applied scientists is to include in equal proportion or balance all three restraints to accomplish a sustainable development. Which finally is seeking for human well-being, in other words fulfilling human demands, bettering quality of life in an eco-friendly manner. Water Supply and Sanitation Developing States background UNESCO ( 2010 ) states that H2O supply is one of the most serious jobs confronting by developing states, in India for case, 85 % of the urban population has entree to imbibing H2O, but merely 20 % of the of this meets the health-quality criterions set by World Health Organization. Additionally, the day-to-day rate of H2O supply frequently is really low and depends on economic factors and location. The state of affairs on sanitation is even worse ; frequently sanitation has lower precedence than H2O supply. It has estimated that 2.6 billion people do non hold decently or bing sanitation system in developing states. Another issue related with sanitation is in fact that effluent and solid waste aggregation services ; and stormwater drainage are unequal. Littering straight to open countries for case, has created environmental impacts on surface and land H2O resources being more dramatic in countries such as shanty towns. Engineering Challenges Engineers attack The traditionally intervention of H2O supply and sanitation direction is considered now as a standard process. Which has several interventions harmonizing to the H2O physicochemical features, engineering available and environmental ordinances. Although, it is by no agencies certain that this process has been the best. Indeed, 95 % of the effluent in the universe has been discharged to the environment without intervention ( Montgomery A ; Elimelech 2007 ) . Hence, Beside new ordinances and codifications, todays ‘ applied scientists instead that retroflex solutions from developed states to developing states, they will hold to run into basic demands of all communities for H2O and sanitation and work as facilitators of sustainability attack within context institutional, societal, political, economic, environmental and technological. Thereby, the issue of H2O and sanitation in developing states will be overcame or at least decreased. For illustration, cleaner production can be â₠¬Å" an expensive solution † , nevertheless it is truly depends on legion conditions linked with the population objet, such as natural resources, demands and societal category. Energy Developing States background In the following few decennaries, the force per unit area on energy services will increase well in developing states. It is predicted that energy ingestion worldwide will increase approximately 30 % from 2007 to 2030 and most of that growing will be came from developing states. As a consequence, the intergovernmental panel clime alteration ( 2007 ) point out that these energy issues will be addressed through cost-efficient energy plans based on the decrease of dodo fuel usage ; executions of ecofriendly engineerings and renewable energy in lodging, transit and industrial sectors and eventually the decrease of life-cycle cost, this related with all disbursals in the design, building, operation and care of a peculiar undertaking. ( Liu, Meyer A ; Hogan 2010, pp. 35,36 ) . Today ‘s modern development demands serious energetic plans that fix up both economic development and sustainable development based on the rational usage of natural resources. Engineering Challenges and attack in developing Nations. Worldwide experiences have showed that the replacing of non-renewable to renewable energy seems to be more expensive and furthermore, information about renewable engineerings is unequal or unapproachable. For that ground, the common committedness for applied scientists on energy solutions is provide better options in footings of sustainability and development. Adoption and design of new engineerings, ordinances, technology supervising within national schemes, continues updating, provide advice of energy demands, etc. , will be the common countries where applied scientists ‘ function will be important for environmental energy development in the less economically developed states. ( UNESCO 2010, p. 288 ) . Decisions How to cite What Is The Role Of Engineers Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Polycoms Acquisition Process †Free Assignment Sample Available

Question: Discuss about the Polycoms Acquisition Process. Answer: Introduction In the given case we are dealing with two companies, PictureTel and PolyCom, they are in the business of Audio-Video conferencing. PolyCom has a share of 90% in audio conferencing and it is leading in the video conferencing market. PictureTel once had a huge market share which is declining currently. Moreover they are going through a loss $ 107 million in the year 2000. In the given case we have to follow the various process of PolyCom, which they consider while doing any acquisition. We are provided with the Income statement of PolyCom and PictureTel, and thei market share in Video Conferencing Products. Since PictureTel just launched another product IPower which is a substitute of a product launched by PolyCom. It is being seen that IPower might have a better market future than t he one launched by PolyCom. Due to lack in engineers and Research and development team of PolyCom they are considering acquisition. We have to decide whether acquisition of PictureTel is better option for PolyCom or not. We have to perfom Screening Test, Sensitivity Analysis, Net Present Value etc. We have to also consider other various factors such antitrust issue, lawsuits against PictureTel, and Integration of both companies after acquisition. Analysis: Whether to Acquire or do an inbuilt Video Conferencing Product: Polycom is the company which has a market share of 71%, currently they are selling ViewStation product line which has a market share of 54%. ViewStatiuon product of Polycom deals with prototypical appliance, they want to enter into something major i.e. IPower of PictureTell, which is more technologically advanced and has a better future along with good market share for personal video conferencing. Their first concern is whether they can make such product or should they outsource their manufacturing (by acquisition of manufacturing company). If we go through the 4 acquisition, we get to see that Polycom has always acquired companies who manufactures product for them and they provide their brand name, marketing help to excel the market. Name of the company acquired Product produced by them Reason ViaVideo Communication Inc Video conferencing equipment Since ViaVedion was in product development stage, it was reasonable to acquire it rather than in house production of video conferencing product. Atlas Communication Engines, Inc Integrated Access device Technology Atlas Communication was again not a big firm, and it was still dealing with their Research development phase. Polycom again considered purchasing the small firm. Circa Communication Voice-over-IP technology Prodcut Many companies already started to built Voice-Over-IP, if PolyCom started to built such product, it would had been a very late launch of product, as most of the companies would have already secured their market place. So they acquired Circa Communication and financially helped them to get through the stage of production. Accord Networks Network System They didnt have the core competencies and engineering expertise in that area. So they acquired the company with 50% market share instead of making it on their own. In the given case Polycom neither have engineers within depth expertise in video conferencing technology, nor research and development team, and ViaVedio is not capable of making such product. Polycom lack such feature hence they are considering of acquiring PictureTell for such benefits and increasing their market share. Since PictureTell is financially declining, Polycom is considering acquiring it for future benefit. Whether to Acquire PictureTel or not? Applying Screening Criteria: PolyCom considers only those deals which help to maintain or enhance its target operating model. Acquisitions needed to fill either a technology or product gap for PolyCom and good cultural fit also needed to exist between the two companies. And also, the company needs to pass the small test no potentially costly lawsuits, no hint of financial impropriety. For considering PictureTel, we have to first see whether it fulfills the target operating model. Growth rate of PictureTel can be calculated from Exhibit 8 and Exhibit 1b: We have to apply compound Growth rate formula to calculate growth rate of PictureTel, Formula of compound annual growth rate is, CAGR = (Ending Value / Beginning Value) ^ (1 / Number of years) 1 = (530 / 44) ^ 1 / 4 - 1 = 86.30% per year market growth Therefore, Growth of PictureTel would be, 16% (Exhibit 1b) of 86.30% i.e. 13.80% Estimated increase in Financial Statement of PictureTelupto 2005 would be as follows: Assumptions for the below calculations: Cogs increase as a percentage of total revenue SGA and RD cost remains similar to previous year Particulars 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Revenue: Product Revenue (174071*1.1380) 225429.6 256539 291941 332229 198093 Service Revenue (71078*1.1380) 92049.14 104752 119207 135658 80887 Total Revenue 278980 317479 361291 411149 467887 Cost of Goods Sold: Product cost of Revenue (128252*1.1380) 166092 189013 215096 244780 145950 Service Cost of Revenue (59945*1.1380) 77631 88345 100536 114410 68217 Total COGS 214167 243723 277357 315633 359190 Gross Margin 64813 73755 83934 95516 108698 Operating Expense: SGA Exp 65000 65000 65000 65000 65000 RD 47000 47000 47000 47000 47000 Total Operating Expense: 112000 112000 112000 112000 112000 Loss from Operations: -47187 -38245 -28066 -16484 -3302 Checking for operating model Assumptions: If PictureTel is acquired by PolyCom they will lay off 50% of the Employee, so their SGA expenditure will reduce by 50% of the current expenditure. COGS, sales and marketing costs are calculated as a percentage of Revenue. RD cost remains similar to previous year. Inference from above table: Although operating model criteria doesnt get met in the first year, it will eventually start getting met from 2002. However the model doesnt take into account the anti synergy cost arising due to Ipower eating into the revenue of Polycoms earlier product. PictureTel is providing technology as well as providing a new product, IPower to deal with the market. Since one of the founder of Polycom Brian Hinman, was also the founder of PictureTel, along with Jeff Rodman being the 5th employee of PictureTel. Since they used to work in PictureTel, PictureTel will not have much problem with cultural Fit factor, since the work ethics and some the policy will be similar to PictureTel. The company, PictureTel made various changes in their financial statement quarterly in the past, and during one of those changes it received a lawsuit from Securities and Exchange Commission of $ 12 million, which is quite a big amount. They may in future be able to again continue the same behavior of changing their Financial Statement which might cause them a law suit from the SEC. For that Polycom has to take over their accounts and other financial department totally. Calculation of NPV: Since the Value of operation is already negative, calculation of NPV is of no use. If we see the estimated cash flow pattern, we get to see that the loss of PictureTel is decreasing each year. If Polycom invest in PictureTel, it might turn into a profiting company within time. Sensitivity Analysis: If we consider doing Sensitivity Analysis, we have to consider changing the growth rate of PictureTel, but even if we increase the growth rate, the estimated cash flow will still be negative, as the Cost of Goods sold will also increase with the same growth. If the Cost of Goods sold and Operating Expense increases at a decreasing rate or a rate different from the rate of growth, then it might give a positive cash flow. Those cash flows might not be higher, but positive enough for a better future. Integration of companies Since the founder of the company PolyCom, Brian Hinman and Jeff Rodman were also the founder and employee of PictureTel, they will not have much problem regarding cultural fit of the integration. But since the previous acquisitions of PolyCom has always been of those companies whose number of employees generally ranged from 20 180 employees. And the number of employees of PolyCom itself is 537 which is less than the employees of PictureTel i.e. 820. PolyCom will have to do some huge number of redundancy, as they only require their after sales service staff, engineers and research development employees. They might have to curtail 50% of the employee or more to make the integration work. Generally during such acquisition, employees of the company which is being acquired are more scared about their status of job. If the company which is acquiring are clear from the beginning about their strategy, number of employees that will be curtailed then it will help the acquiring in integration. If they acquire PictureTel, then it will require a very carefull planning of integration, and it cannot be rushed upon as PolyCom did with their other such acquisition. If they acquire PictureTel, they will have a problem with antitrust issues which will be time consuming and costly. Already PolyCom is paying a huge consideration for acquiring PictureTel, with loan and cost for anti-trust issues their expense is only increasing. They should either re consider their consideration or come up with a better way to acquire the benefit of PictureTel. Conclusion From the above analysis we get to see various results, we were to decide whether acquisition of PictureTel by Polycom would have been a better decision or not. We first checked whether Polycom is capable of making the video conferencing product on its own or they need to buy it from outsiders and then sell it in the market with their own brand name and advertising technique. Since Polycom lacks better engineers and good research and development team, they are bound to get the product manufactured from outsiders. Hence, it is then decided that we should acquire a company whose engineers and Research development are better than the one of Polycom. PictureTel is in perfect position to be acquired, and since it has the requisite engineers and RD team plus they have the best after sales service facilities which Polycom lacks. Along with these benefits they can also have a huge market share, which will make them the ultimate seller of Audio-video conferencing products. From the above analysis which Polycom generally use to determine whether they should acquire a company or not, we concluded that acquiring PictureTel would be a better option for future benefit. The only struggle Polycom will face will be due to antitrust issued. For that we can make sure that Polycam doesnt acquire PictureTel immediately, when the financial position of PictureTel improves a bit, then they should acquire it, so that in future they can cover up the expense of antitrust issues. We considered screening test, sensitivity analysis, Net Present value and integration problems that we will face during such acquisition. We prepared the estimated Cash flow of PictureTel from which we get to see that the loss of picture tell is reducing gradually and it will turn into profit if Polycom provide its brand name and advertising facilities. Currently they should provide a loan of $15 million to PictureTel. From all that we finally concluded that acquisition is better option.

Medical Ethics in Treatment of Animals

Catcher in the Rye Thesis Paper essays

Catcher in the Rye Thesis Paper essays The Catcher in the Rye is a story about a young man named Holden Caulfield and the experiences that he faces after being dismissed from school. This book contains a great deal of symbolism, but it can very easily be missed in its simple story line. The story line itself is very basic, and I do not feel that the plot is very well written. When taken the time to appreciate it, this book is without a doubt a classic. As was stated in the first paragraph this story contains a great deal of symbolism. In the beginning of the story, when Mr. Spencer fails Holden, Holden is surprised about the failing grade and his mind begins to wander. He thinks about Central Park and how when the pond freezes over the duck leave. He shows a great deal of concern for what happens to the ducks. I believe that his concern for the ducks while the pond is frozen over symbolizes his concern for what he is going to do now that he has been dismissed from school. Much later on in the book Holden is talking with Horwitz, an angry cab driver, about what happens to the ducks and fish when the pond freezes over. Perhaps Holden is still unsure about what is in store for him and what he should do with his life. Holdens character does not relate to people very well. Throughout the story Holden is longing for a companion. He does not have a very good personality so instead he uses money to get the likeness of others. In many instances his buys drinks for women to win their respect, but most of the time he is not very interested. Although Holden is very generous, his generosity is limited to his wallet. However, Holden does care very much for his sister Phoebe. She is ten years old and is very charming and intelligent. Holden cares deeply for her because he lost his brother Allie to leukemia and he never wants to lose another sibling. Holden is also a very opinionated character. He is always concerned a ...

Ideas and Ideologies of Mill Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ideas and Ideologies of Mill - Essay Example Later at the age of twenty Mill suffered a mental break down which made him conscious, that more was needed in life than devotion to the public good and an analytical intellect. He turned towards Coleridge, Carlyle, Wordsworth, and Goethe to cultivate his aesthetic sensibilities. From 1830 to his death, he tried to persuade the British public of the necessity of a scientific approach, h to understanding social, political and economic change while not neglecting the insights of poets and other imaginative writers. (The Penguin Dictionary of Philosophy ed.) Mill was also strongly influenced by his wife Harriet Taylor and became more inclined and sympathetic towards socialism, womens rights and political and social reforms such as proportional representation, labour unions, and farm co-operatives. Mill use logic derived from the principles of the natural sciences to address questions of language and logic, induction, the relativity of knowledge, the structure of the scientific method, the structure of arithmetic and geometry, and the principles of the moral sciences. Mill was committed to the idea that our best methods of explaining the world are those employed by the natural sciences. His System of Logic 1843 was an account not only of logic, as the title implies, but of the methods of science and their applicability to social as well as purely natural phenomena. ‘The object of logic â€Å"is to ascertain how we come by that portion of our knowledge (much the greatest portion) which is not intuitive: and by what criterion we can, in matters not self-evident, distinguish between things proved and things not proved, between what is worthy and what is unworthy of belief.† (A System of Logic [System], I.i.1).

To compose a proposal for research paper Assignment - 1

To compose a proposal for research paper - Assignment Example Literature Review: In this research it will entail studying and analyzing previous studies conducted in a similar research topic and evaluation of the theses and hypotheses developed by the authors. Articles, books and other relevant documents to the research problem will be identified, located and analyzed to determine what has already been done thus stimulating new ideas and approaches. Further, literature review will not only provide suggested recommendation but also form a framework for interpreting research findings. I plan to conduct proposal paper with the methodology of action research strategy, which is usually conducted with the aim of solving an immediate problem, in this case, treatment of special needs children. Data will be collected systematically from sources of similar law requirements using the probabilistic method of systematic random sampling. Using this strategy, the information will be selected randomly and ranked in accordance with its applicability in this health law so that an appropriate mechanism to create the law will be developed (World report on disability 21). The selection of relevant information will be crucial in this research thereby researchers will be required to apply judgmental evaluation while observing ethical research procedures. The planned proposed paper’s variables relating to the health law addressing treatment of special needs children will undergo analysis through two procedures; conceptualization and operationalization. This technique ensures that the findings will not only be valid to the entire concept but also reliable. Variables that may affect achievement of sufficient measurement and analysis consist of extraneous variables given they may be easily overlooked by the researcher and cause errors in applicability of the law. This research will statistically minimize their effects by considering every angle while establishing relevant

Experiences of Being Human Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Experiences of Being Human - Essay Example   The poem is written with a mixed emotion of appreciation of friendship (between man and environment) as well as the nostalgia of needing to have an emotional connection. Mora on her work in Legal Alien that appeared in her poetry collection that was published in 1984 entitled Chants spoke how horrible it felt once this human connection is lost by just being different in a society that is oblivious of diversity. Mora is of Mexican descent and holds American citizenship by law yet not entirely part of the society she is in because of her two worlds, being a Mexican as well as an American. This poem exudes raw emotion as it was articulated from the first-person point of view on how Mora felt the emotional alienation when that emotional connection of which Whitman talked about is lost by just being an immigrant. This became obvious in the last few lines of her poem stating; â€Å"Sliding back and forth/between the fringes of both worlds/ by smiling  / by masking the discomfort   / of being pre-judged  /Bi-laterally†. pain was best described by using the characterization of the protagonists of the Vietnam War such as the â€Å"white vet's image /floats closer to me, then his pale eyes look through mine† and a woman â€Å"trying to erase names: [but] No, she's brushing a boy's hair† making it poignantly painful to recall. The Martian Sends a Postcard Home, on the other hand, combined the familiar and the bizarre as the familiar was seen from an alien’s point of view. Here, Craig Raine highlighted the eccentricity of human experience by the characterization of a martian of which it narrates the similarity and difference between an alien and human being and in a way a commentary or critique of how human beings treat human experience. The Model T has used a symbol (the early version of cars made by Ford) that it differs because it is locked from the inside and that there is â€Å"a film to watch for anything missed†. This pass age may have been written casually but this line is actually loaded with meaning. It is the human experience gone by as it is looked on the film (which is really the rear mirror)† and we are mindless of it because â€Å"time is tied to the wrist or kept in a box† which made us all regretful and as he Raine tells â€Å"No one is exempt and everyone's pain has a different smell†. Perhaps one of the best media of how human beings expressed their deeply seated emotion is through poems. The authors Whitman, Mora, Komunyakaa, and Raine may have represented the varying human emotion that ranged from the â€Å"joyous leaves†, alienation, pain in recalling and indifference or regret and may have used different symbolisms such as the trees, Vietnam Memorial, Model T car or a legal status but all of them converged in their intent to articulate and explore human emotions.